148 lines
5.1 KiB
Markdown
148 lines
5.1 KiB
Markdown
# Quickstart: Building with Bazel
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This tutorial aims to get you up and running with GoogleTest using the Bazel
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build system. If you're using GoogleTest for the first time or need a refresher,
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we recommend this tutorial as a starting point.
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## Prerequisites
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To complete this tutorial, you'll need:
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* A compatible operating system (e.g. Linux, macOS, Windows).
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* A compatible C++ compiler that supports at least C++11.
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* [Bazel](https://bazel.build/), the preferred build system used by the
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GoogleTest team.
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See [Supported Platforms](platforms.md) for more information about platforms
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compatible with GoogleTest.
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If you don't already have Bazel installed, see the
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[Bazel installation guide](https://docs.bazel.build/versions/master/install.html).
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{: .callout .note}
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Note: The terminal commands in this tutorial show a Unix shell prompt, but the
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commands work on the Windows command line as well.
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## Set up a Bazel workspace
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A
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[Bazel workspace](https://docs.bazel.build/versions/master/build-ref.html#workspace)
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is a directory on your filesystem that you use to manage source files for the
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software you want to build. Each workspace directory has a text file named
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`WORKSPACE` which may be empty, or may contain references to external
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dependencies required to build the outputs.
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First, create a directory for your workspace:
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```
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$ mkdir my_workspace && cd my_workspace
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```
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Next, you’ll create the `WORKSPACE` file to specify dependencies. A common and
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recommended way to depend on GoogleTest is to use a
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[Bazel external dependency](https://docs.bazel.build/versions/master/external.html)
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via the
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[`http_archive` rule](https://docs.bazel.build/versions/master/repo/http.html#http_archive).
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To do this, in the root directory of your workspace (`my_workspace/`), create a
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file named `WORKSPACE` with the following contents:
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```
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load("@bazel_tools//tools/build_defs/repo:http.bzl", "http_archive")
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http_archive(
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name = "com_google_googletest",
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urls = ["https://github.com/google/googletest/archive/609281088cfefc76f9d0ce82e1ff6c30cc3591e5.zip"],
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strip_prefix = "googletest-609281088cfefc76f9d0ce82e1ff6c30cc3591e5",
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)
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```
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The above configuration declares a dependency on GoogleTest which is downloaded
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as a ZIP archive from GitHub. In the above example,
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`609281088cfefc76f9d0ce82e1ff6c30cc3591e5` is the Git commit hash of the
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GoogleTest version to use; we recommend updating the hash often to point to the
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latest version.
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Now you're ready to build C++ code that uses GoogleTest.
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## Create and run a binary
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With your Bazel workspace set up, you can now use GoogleTest code within your
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own project.
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As an example, create a file named `hello_test.cc` in your `my_workspace`
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directory with the following contents:
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```cpp
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#include <gtest/gtest.h>
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// Demonstrate some basic assertions.
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TEST(HelloTest, BasicAssertions) {
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// Expect two strings not to be equal.
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EXPECT_STRNE("hello", "world");
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// Expect equality.
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EXPECT_EQ(7 * 6, 42);
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}
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```
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GoogleTest provides [assertions](primer.md#assertions) that you use to test the
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behavior of your code. The above sample includes the main GoogleTest header file
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and demonstrates some basic assertions.
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To build the code, create a file named `BUILD` in the same directory with the
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following contents:
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```
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cc_test(
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name = "hello_test",
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size = "small",
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srcs = ["hello_test.cc"],
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deps = ["@com_google_googletest//:gtest_main"],
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)
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```
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This `cc_test` rule declares the C++ test binary you want to build, and links to
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GoogleTest (`//:gtest_main`) using the prefix you specified in the `WORKSPACE`
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file (`@com_google_googletest`). For more information about Bazel `BUILD` files,
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see the
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[Bazel C++ Tutorial](https://docs.bazel.build/versions/master/tutorial/cpp.html).
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Now you can build and run your test:
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<pre>
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<strong>my_workspace$ bazel test --test_output=all //:hello_test</strong>
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INFO: Analyzed target //:hello_test (26 packages loaded, 362 targets configured).
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INFO: Found 1 test target...
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INFO: From Testing //:hello_test:
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==================== Test output for //:hello_test:
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Running main() from gmock_main.cc
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[==========] Running 1 test from 1 test suite.
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[----------] Global test environment set-up.
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[----------] 1 test from HelloTest
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[ RUN ] HelloTest.BasicAssertions
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[ OK ] HelloTest.BasicAssertions (0 ms)
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[----------] 1 test from HelloTest (0 ms total)
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[----------] Global test environment tear-down
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[==========] 1 test from 1 test suite ran. (0 ms total)
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[ PASSED ] 1 test.
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================================================================================
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Target //:hello_test up-to-date:
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bazel-bin/hello_test
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INFO: Elapsed time: 4.190s, Critical Path: 3.05s
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INFO: 27 processes: 8 internal, 19 linux-sandbox.
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INFO: Build completed successfully, 27 total actions
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//:hello_test PASSED in 0.1s
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INFO: Build completed successfully, 27 total actions
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</pre>
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Congratulations! You've successfully built and run a test binary using
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GoogleTest.
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## Next steps
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* [Check out the Primer](primer.md) to start learning how to write simple
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tests.
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* [See the code samples](samples.md) for more examples showing how to use a
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variety of GoogleTest features.
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