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Merge pull request #3008 from hyukmyeong:update_tutorial

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Andy Getz
2020-11-02 22:26:39 -05:00
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@@ -2,39 +2,51 @@
#### Setup
To build Google Test and your tests that use it, you need to tell your build
To build GoogleTest and your tests that use it, you need to tell your build
system where to find its headers and source files. The exact way to do it
depends on which build system you use, and is usually straightforward.
### Build with CMake
Google Test comes with a CMake build script
GoogleTest comes with a CMake build script
([CMakeLists.txt](https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/CMakeLists.txt))
that can be used on a wide range of platforms ("C" stands for cross-platform.).
If you don't have CMake installed already, you can download it for free from
<http://www.cmake.org/>.
CMake works by generating native makefiles or build projects that can be used in
the compiler environment of your choice. You can either build Google Test as a
the compiler environment of your choice. You can either build GoogleTest as a
standalone project or it can be incorporated into an existing CMake build for
another project.
#### Standalone CMake Project
When building Google Test as a standalone project, the typical workflow starts
with:
mkdir mybuild # Create a directory to hold the build output.
cd mybuild
cmake ${GTEST_DIR} # Generate native build scripts.
If you want to build Google Test's samples, you should replace the last command
When building GoogleTest as a standalone project, the typical workflow starts
with
cmake -Dgtest_build_samples=ON ${GTEST_DIR}
```
git clone https://github.com/google/googletest.git -b release-1.10.0
cd googletest # Main directory of the cloned repository.
mkdir build # Create a directory to hold the build output.
cd build
cmake .. # Generate native build scripts for GoogleTest.
```
The above command also includes GoogleMock by default. And so, if you want to
build only GoogleTest, you should replace the last command with
```
cmake .. -DBUILD_GMOCK=OFF
```
If you are on a \*nix system, you should now see a Makefile in the current
directory. Just type 'make' to build gtest.
directory. Just type `make` to build GoogleTest. And then you can simply install
GoogleTest if you are a system administrator.
```
make
sudo make install # Install in /usr/local/ by default
```
If you use Windows and have Visual Studio installed, a `gtest.sln` file and
several `.vcproj` files will be created. You can then build them using Visual
@@ -44,13 +56,19 @@ On Mac OS X with Xcode installed, a `.xcodeproj` file will be generated.
#### Incorporating Into An Existing CMake Project
If you want to use gtest in a project which already uses CMake, then a more
robust and flexible approach is to build gtest as part of that project directly.
This is done by making the GoogleTest source code available to the main build
and adding it using CMake's `add_subdirectory()` command. This has the
significant advantage that the same compiler and linker settings are used
between gtest and the rest of your project, so issues associated with using
incompatible libraries (eg debug/release), etc. are avoided. This is
If you want to use GoogleTest in a project which already uses CMake, the easiest
way is to get installed libraries and headers.
* Import GoogleTest by using `find_package` (or `pkg_check_modules`). For
example, if `find_package(GTest CONFIG REQUIRED)` is succeed, you can use
the libraries as `GTest::gtest`, `GTest::gmock`.
And a more robust and flexible approach is to build GoogleTest as part of that
project directly. This is done by making the GoogleTest source code available to
the main build and adding it using CMake's `add_subdirectory()` command. This
has the significant advantage that the same compiler and linker settings are
used between GoogleTest and the rest of your project, so issues associated with
using incompatible libraries (eg debug/release), etc. are avoided. This is
particularly useful on Windows. Making GoogleTest's source code available to the
main build can be done a few different ways:
@@ -141,12 +159,12 @@ also contains a link to a fully generalized implementation of the technique.
##### Visual Studio Dynamic vs Static Runtimes
By default, new Visual Studio projects link the C runtimes dynamically but
Google Test links them statically. This will generate an error that looks
GoogleTest links them statically. This will generate an error that looks
something like the following: gtest.lib(gtest-all.obj) : error LNK2038: mismatch
detected for 'RuntimeLibrary': value 'MTd_StaticDebug' doesn't match value
'MDd_DynamicDebug' in main.obj
Google Test already has a CMake option for this: `gtest_force_shared_crt`
GoogleTest already has a CMake option for this: `gtest_force_shared_crt`
Enabling this option will make gtest link the runtimes dynamically too, and
match the project in which it is included.
@@ -154,17 +172,17 @@ match the project in which it is included.
#### C++ Standard Version
An environment that supports C++11 is required in order to successfully build
Google Test. One way to ensure this is to specify the standard in the top-level
GoogleTest. One way to ensure this is to specify the standard in the top-level
project, for example by using the `set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)` command. If this
is not feasible, for example in a C project using Google Test for validation,
is not feasible, for example in a C project using GoogleTest for validation,
then it can be specified by adding it to the options for cmake via the
`DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS` option.
### Tweaking Google Test
### Tweaking GoogleTest
Google Test can be used in diverse environments. The default configuration may
GoogleTest can be used in diverse environments. The default configuration may
not work (or may not work well) out of the box in some environments. However,
you can easily tweak Google Test by defining control macros on the compiler
you can easily tweak GoogleTest by defining control macros on the compiler
command line. Generally, these macros are named like `GTEST_XYZ` and you define
them to either 1 or 0 to enable or disable a certain feature.
@@ -173,12 +191,12 @@ We list the most frequently used macros below. For a complete list, see file
### Multi-threaded Tests
Google Test is thread-safe where the pthread library is available. After
GoogleTest is thread-safe where the pthread library is available. After
`#include "gtest/gtest.h"`, you can check the
`GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE` macro to see whether this is the case (yes if the macro is
`#defined` to 1, no if it's undefined.).
If Google Test doesn't correctly detect whether pthread is available in your
If GoogleTest doesn't correctly detect whether pthread is available in your
environment, you can force it with
-DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=1
@@ -187,7 +205,7 @@ or
-DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=0
When Google Test uses pthread, you may need to add flags to your compiler and/or
When GoogleTest uses pthread, you may need to add flags to your compiler and/or
linker to select the pthread library, or you'll get link errors. If you use the
CMake script, this is taken care of for you. If you use your own build script,
you'll need to read your compiler and linker's manual to figure out what flags
@@ -195,8 +213,8 @@ to add.
### As a Shared Library (DLL)
Google Test is compact, so most users can build and link it as a static library
for the simplicity. You can choose to use Google Test as a shared library (known
GoogleTest is compact, so most users can build and link it as a static library
for the simplicity. You can choose to use GoogleTest as a shared library (known
as a DLL on Windows) if you prefer.
To compile *gtest* as a shared library, add
@@ -216,22 +234,22 @@ Note: while the above steps aren't technically necessary today when using some
compilers (e.g. GCC), they may become necessary in the future, if we decide to
improve the speed of loading the library (see
<http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/Visibility> for details). Therefore you are recommended
to always add the above flags when using Google Test as a shared library.
Otherwise a future release of Google Test may break your build script.
to always add the above flags when using GoogleTest as a shared library.
Otherwise a future release of GoogleTest may break your build script.
### Avoiding Macro Name Clashes
In C++, macros don't obey namespaces. Therefore two libraries that both define a
macro of the same name will clash if you `#include` both definitions. In case a
Google Test macro clashes with another library, you can force Google Test to
GoogleTest macro clashes with another library, you can force GoogleTest to
rename its macro to avoid the conflict.
Specifically, if both Google Test and some other code define macro FOO, you can
Specifically, if both GoogleTest and some other code define macro FOO, you can
add
-DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_FOO=1
to the compiler flags to tell Google Test to change the macro's name from `FOO`
to the compiler flags to tell GoogleTest to change the macro's name from `FOO`
to `GTEST_FOO`. Currently `FOO` can be `FAIL`, `SUCCEED`, or `TEST`. For
example, with `-DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_TEST=1`, you'll need to write